Using a motorcycle choke correctly is crucial for starting your bike, especially in cold weather. This guide will walk you through the process, explain why it's necessary, and troubleshoot common problems. Understanding your motorcycle's choke is essential for smooth operation and preventing engine damage.
What is a Choke and Why Do Motorcycles Need It?
A choke enriches the fuel-air mixture entering the engine. Internal combustion engines require a specific ratio of fuel to air for optimal combustion. When the engine is cold, the fuel doesn't vaporize as readily. The choke restricts the airflow, increasing the fuel-to-air ratio, allowing for a richer mixture that's easier to ignite. This ensures a smooth start and prevents stalling.
Modern motorcycles might not have a traditional choke lever. Instead, they might use an automatic enrichment system controlled by the engine management system (EMS) or a fuel injection system that automatically adjusts the fuel mixture. However, understanding the principles remains the same, even if the implementation differs.
Types of Chokes and How to Use Them
There are several types of chokes found on motorcycles:
1. Manual Choke Lever
This is the most common type found on older carbureted motorcycles. It's typically a lever on the handlebar, often near the throttle.
- To use a manual choke: Push the lever fully forward (or to the "on" position) before attempting to start the engine. Once the engine starts and is running, slowly pull the choke lever back (or to the "off" position) until the engine runs smoothly. If the engine starts to sputter or die, push the choke lever back slightly.
2. Automatic Choke
This system automatically enriches the fuel mixture when the engine is cold. You generally don't need to actively use a lever or button. The engine management system manages the air/fuel mixture.
- For automatic chokes: Simply turn the ignition on and press the starter button. The system should automatically adjust the fuel mixture. Listen for the engine to settle into a consistent idle, then monitor for any signs of running too rich or too lean (rough idle, sputtering).
3. Fuel Injection Systems with Cold Start Enrichment
Modern fuel-injected motorcycles use sophisticated sensors and computers to adjust the fuel-air mixture.
- For fuel injection: No direct interaction with a choke is usually required. The system automatically manages the cold start enrichment. You just need to start the motorcycle as normal.
Troubleshooting Common Problems
- Engine won't start: Check your fuel level, battery, and spark plug. If using a manual choke, make sure it's fully engaged.
- Engine sputters or dies after starting: You might have pulled the choke back too quickly. Slowly return the choke to the "off" position.
- Engine runs rough: This could indicate that the choke is still engaged for too long or that the carburetor needs cleaning or adjustment (carbureted motorcycles only).
- Engine runs rich (black smoke from exhaust): The choke might be engaged too long, or there's a problem with the fuel system.
When to Use the Choke
Generally, you only need to use the choke (manual or automatic) when the engine is cold or the ambient temperature is low. Warmer temperatures might not require the choke at all. If you're unsure, try starting the motorcycle without the choke first. If it doesn't start, then engage the choke.
This guide provides a comprehensive overview of using a motorcycle choke. Remember to always consult your motorcycle's owner's manual for specific instructions and recommendations for your particular model. Proper choke usage contributes to a longer engine life and prevents unnecessary wear and tear.
